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定语从句which的用法

原创 2024-06-09 14:34:45 次阅读

定语从句中,"which"用作关系代词,指代先行词,引导非限制性定语从句,提供额外信息。先行词通常是名词,表示事物或概念。例如:- The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting. (昨天买的那本书非常有趣。)注意:"which"引导的定语从句通常用逗号与主句隔开,表示非限制性。

在英语语法中,关系代词which的使用非常广泛,它通常指代事物,并且在定语从句中充当主语或宾语的角色。which不仅可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。此外,"介词+which"的结构在句中起到了替代其他关系代词的作用,这种用法在英语中非常常见。

1. 引导限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句是句子中不可或缺的部分,它对先行词进行限定和说明。例如:

  • A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.(商店应存有最畅销的货物。)
  • This is the family which is planning to move to the city.(这是计划搬进城市的一家人。)

2. 引导非限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句对先行词提供额外信息,但不是必需的。它可以用来指代整个句子或句子的一部分。例如:

  • Internet is so interesting, which makes all possible happen.(因特网如此有趣,它可以使任何事都有可能发生。)
  • When deep in thought, which he often was, he would forget all around him.(他常常陷入沉思,这时他就会忘掉周围的一切。)

如果要引导两个非限制性定语从句,第二个which前要加and,例如:

  • He bought a book, which was written by LuXun, and which he decided to give to his friend.(他买了本鲁迅写的书,他决定送给朋友。)

3. 名词+of+which结构

这种结构通常放在先行词的后面,可以替换为"of which+名词"或"whose+名词"。例如:

  • I’d like a room the window of which looks out over the sea.(我要一间窗户面临大海的房间。)
  • I’d like a room of which the window looks out over the sea.
  • I’d like a room whose window looks out over the sea.

4. 介词+which的替代作用

"介词+which"可以替代when, where, why等词,作为时间、地点、原因等状语。例如:

  • There used to be a time at which/during which (=when) the Chinese people struggled for freedom.(中国人曾有一段为自由而斗争的日子。)
  • This is the office in which (=where) I used to work.(这是我过去工作过的办公室。)
  • I’d like you to explain the reason for which (=why) you were absent.(我想让你解释一下缺席的原因。)
  • There are many ways in which (=that/省略) we can solve the problem.(解决这个问题有很多方法。)

通过上述例子,我们可以看到关系代词which在定语从句中的灵活运用,以及"介词+which"结构的替代功能,这些用法丰富了英语表达的多样性。

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